Pretest chapter 2 Digestion - Answers
1. You can’t take out waste and water if your kidneys fail. There are machines that can act as kidneys, but without this you would eventually die.
2. Gastric juice: digests in the stomach. Pancreatic juice: breaks down carbohydrates, proteins and fats.Bile: turns large fat droplets (caused by the gastric juice) into small fat droplets.
3. It helps you with swallowing, it digests starch into glucose with the enzyme amylase. Proteins in the saliva neutralize acids.
4. Bacteria make an enzyme called cellulase. They do this because they hardly get other nutrients so if they don’t break it down they won’t get energy and the nutrients to pass the bloodstream.
5. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
6. Blood, water, proteins, waste andsalts are transported into the kidney through the renal artery, inside all substances are filtered and they leave via the renal vein. Waste, water &salt are filtered. The remaining waste is urine.
7. To clean the blood from waste such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, toxins (from foods, pestides, foodcolouring)
8.
Where by what what
Mouth amylase Starch
Stomach pepsin proteins
Duodenum lipase fat
Small intestine lipase / amylase fats carbohydrates
9. Vegetables, fruit, bram, whole meat
10. Amylase digests starch into glucose. Protease digests protein into aminoa cids. Lipase digests fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol molecules.
11. 1: oesophagus, 2: pylorus, controls the flow of food to your intestines, 3: duodenum
12. Starch / Fats, carbohydrates and proteins / nothing
13. The pancreatic juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. For example the gastric juice makes fat droplets float, bile changes them into tiny droplets and pancreatic juice get them and digest them.
14. Villi increase the surface area of the inside intestine, so more nutrients can be absorbed.
15. It is called the pylorus.
16. Digestable: fats, proteins, carbohydrates / not digestable (by our body): fibre / don’t need to be digested: water, vitamins, minerals
17. Ingestion: get the food in your mouth. Digestion: Carboyhydrates, proteins and fats must be broken down into very small particles before entering the bloodstream. Other wise they're useless to your body. Absorption: process of getting small food particles into your bloodstream. Elimination: unused parts of your food pass out of your body as waste.
18. When small food parts are broken down into even smaller food parts by chemical reactions, you call it chemical digestion. Chemical digestion can't take place without enzymes.
19. Amylase: digests starch into small glucose particles / protease enzymes: digests large proteins into amino acids / lipase: fat is digested into fatty acids and glycerol.
20. No, they don’t have the teeth and intestines for it
21. Fibre, minerals, water, fats, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates
22. We do not have the enzymes for it in our digestive system. Our fibres are broken down by bacteria in our large intestines.
23. Omnivores eat meat and plants, they have some canine teeth and flat teeth.
24. Some bacteria are harmful and others are used to digest some nutrients.
25. Waste that is not removed builds up and acts as poisons in body cells.
26. It is produces in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
27. Mainly complex carbohydrates: starch
28. At the right Ph (7 in the mouth, about 3 in the stomach) and not a to high temperature (If it needs to work at a too high or low Ph it can’t work properly and at a too high temperature it will expand and lose their shape).
29. Mechanical digestion is to cut your food in smaller pieces, like chewing. While chemical digestion is changing you food into different atoms, like enzymes breaking down nutrients.
30. The unusable parts of your food are carried away to your rectum and then leave your body by the anus.
31. If you swallow your food the place in the oesophagus were your food is relaxes and the part above it contracts, in that way your food is pushed down.
32. It is very hard to digest plants, because of the cellulose (in a rigid cell wall structure) which is hard to digest. So it takes longer to digest.
33. The maximum amount is three days.
34. In your mouth, your stomach and in your intestines is food broken down.
35. We are not called herbivores. We are called omnivores, because we eat both meat and plants.
36. Fats are broken dow into fatty acids and glycerol with the help of the enzyme lipase. It happens in your intestines.
37. The pylorus controls the flow of food to your intestines.
38. Glands in the stomach wall.
39. Staturated fats unsaturated fats and trans fats. Saturated fats: are solid from temperature / unsaturated fats: are liquid at room temperature and remain that way. they are healthy fat types / trans fats: are fats that have been chemically altered to stay solid at room temperature. They can be very dangerous when eaten too much.
40. Minerals & vitamins: needed for growth and regulating the body functions, protection against diseases / Fats: source of energy, absorb vitamins, cushion and protect your internal organs / Fibre: part of a carbohydrate / Water: 1. chemicals are dissolved, allow chemical reactions to take place. 2. transports substances in your body. 3. to cool down your body -> evaporation of sweat / Proteins: growth, replacing, repairing body cells / Carbohydrates: main source of energy: complex, simple complex large chain or glucose simple glucose building blocks.
41. After the duodenum the food enters the small intestine. In the small intestine some undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats are still broken down by enzymes in the intestinal juices. Then all the digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream the vitamins minerals as well.
42. The gastric juice: in the stomach the gastric juice is mixed with the food they contain protease enzymes which digest proteins. Pancreatic juice: produced in the pancreas and added to the food in the duodenum, this juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Bile: produced in the liver and temporarily stored in the gallbladder, large drops of fat float on top of liquid bile make the large drops into tiny droplets to make it easier for the pancreatic juice to digest the fat.
43. Enzymes speed up the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In your mouth there is an enzyme called amylase it breaks down large chains of starch into glucose. The enzyme cuts the nutrients in pieces so it can be taken up in your bloodstream.
44. For example: Stomach - kills bacteria and digest proteins / duodenum - mix bile and pancreatic juice with substrates / Oesoephagus - move down food with peristalsis
45. Lungs: carbon dioxide / Skin: water and salt / Kidneys: water, salt and waste / Intestines: water, undigested food
46. The hepatic portal vein is important because it transports fully loaded blood with healthy nutrients but also with potentially dangerous materials to the liver. The liver stores nutrients and breaks down dangerous substances.
2. Gastric juice: digests in the stomach. Pancreatic juice: breaks down carbohydrates, proteins and fats.Bile: turns large fat droplets (caused by the gastric juice) into small fat droplets.
3. It helps you with swallowing, it digests starch into glucose with the enzyme amylase. Proteins in the saliva neutralize acids.
4. Bacteria make an enzyme called cellulase. They do this because they hardly get other nutrients so if they don’t break it down they won’t get energy and the nutrients to pass the bloodstream.
5. Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus.
6. Blood, water, proteins, waste andsalts are transported into the kidney through the renal artery, inside all substances are filtered and they leave via the renal vein. Waste, water &salt are filtered. The remaining waste is urine.
7. To clean the blood from waste such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, toxins (from foods, pestides, foodcolouring)
8.
Where by what what
Mouth amylase Starch
Stomach pepsin proteins
Duodenum lipase fat
Small intestine lipase / amylase fats carbohydrates
9. Vegetables, fruit, bram, whole meat
10. Amylase digests starch into glucose. Protease digests protein into aminoa cids. Lipase digests fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol molecules.
11. 1: oesophagus, 2: pylorus, controls the flow of food to your intestines, 3: duodenum
12. Starch / Fats, carbohydrates and proteins / nothing
13. The pancreatic juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. For example the gastric juice makes fat droplets float, bile changes them into tiny droplets and pancreatic juice get them and digest them.
14. Villi increase the surface area of the inside intestine, so more nutrients can be absorbed.
15. It is called the pylorus.
16. Digestable: fats, proteins, carbohydrates / not digestable (by our body): fibre / don’t need to be digested: water, vitamins, minerals
17. Ingestion: get the food in your mouth. Digestion: Carboyhydrates, proteins and fats must be broken down into very small particles before entering the bloodstream. Other wise they're useless to your body. Absorption: process of getting small food particles into your bloodstream. Elimination: unused parts of your food pass out of your body as waste.
18. When small food parts are broken down into even smaller food parts by chemical reactions, you call it chemical digestion. Chemical digestion can't take place without enzymes.
19. Amylase: digests starch into small glucose particles / protease enzymes: digests large proteins into amino acids / lipase: fat is digested into fatty acids and glycerol.
20. No, they don’t have the teeth and intestines for it
21. Fibre, minerals, water, fats, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates
22. We do not have the enzymes for it in our digestive system. Our fibres are broken down by bacteria in our large intestines.
23. Omnivores eat meat and plants, they have some canine teeth and flat teeth.
24. Some bacteria are harmful and others are used to digest some nutrients.
25. Waste that is not removed builds up and acts as poisons in body cells.
26. It is produces in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
27. Mainly complex carbohydrates: starch
28. At the right Ph (7 in the mouth, about 3 in the stomach) and not a to high temperature (If it needs to work at a too high or low Ph it can’t work properly and at a too high temperature it will expand and lose their shape).
29. Mechanical digestion is to cut your food in smaller pieces, like chewing. While chemical digestion is changing you food into different atoms, like enzymes breaking down nutrients.
30. The unusable parts of your food are carried away to your rectum and then leave your body by the anus.
31. If you swallow your food the place in the oesophagus were your food is relaxes and the part above it contracts, in that way your food is pushed down.
32. It is very hard to digest plants, because of the cellulose (in a rigid cell wall structure) which is hard to digest. So it takes longer to digest.
33. The maximum amount is three days.
34. In your mouth, your stomach and in your intestines is food broken down.
35. We are not called herbivores. We are called omnivores, because we eat both meat and plants.
36. Fats are broken dow into fatty acids and glycerol with the help of the enzyme lipase. It happens in your intestines.
37. The pylorus controls the flow of food to your intestines.
38. Glands in the stomach wall.
39. Staturated fats unsaturated fats and trans fats. Saturated fats: are solid from temperature / unsaturated fats: are liquid at room temperature and remain that way. they are healthy fat types / trans fats: are fats that have been chemically altered to stay solid at room temperature. They can be very dangerous when eaten too much.
40. Minerals & vitamins: needed for growth and regulating the body functions, protection against diseases / Fats: source of energy, absorb vitamins, cushion and protect your internal organs / Fibre: part of a carbohydrate / Water: 1. chemicals are dissolved, allow chemical reactions to take place. 2. transports substances in your body. 3. to cool down your body -> evaporation of sweat / Proteins: growth, replacing, repairing body cells / Carbohydrates: main source of energy: complex, simple complex large chain or glucose simple glucose building blocks.
41. After the duodenum the food enters the small intestine. In the small intestine some undigested carbohydrates, proteins and fats are still broken down by enzymes in the intestinal juices. Then all the digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream the vitamins minerals as well.
42. The gastric juice: in the stomach the gastric juice is mixed with the food they contain protease enzymes which digest proteins. Pancreatic juice: produced in the pancreas and added to the food in the duodenum, this juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Bile: produced in the liver and temporarily stored in the gallbladder, large drops of fat float on top of liquid bile make the large drops into tiny droplets to make it easier for the pancreatic juice to digest the fat.
43. Enzymes speed up the chemical breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats. In your mouth there is an enzyme called amylase it breaks down large chains of starch into glucose. The enzyme cuts the nutrients in pieces so it can be taken up in your bloodstream.
44. For example: Stomach - kills bacteria and digest proteins / duodenum - mix bile and pancreatic juice with substrates / Oesoephagus - move down food with peristalsis
45. Lungs: carbon dioxide / Skin: water and salt / Kidneys: water, salt and waste / Intestines: water, undigested food
46. The hepatic portal vein is important because it transports fully loaded blood with healthy nutrients but also with potentially dangerous materials to the liver. The liver stores nutrients and breaks down dangerous substances.
Go back to Break it down or to the pretest questions
